Verified Labels
The Verified labels are a set of neutral labels added by the data analyst based on observation and evidence found in the content. Allegations made by the source or person(s) in the content must not influence adding or not adding these labels.
SJAC utilises this list of Labels to tag the reliability, priority, metadata or the verified content. The latter is utilized mainly in items with verifiable evidence like video Bulletins.
INFO
Unless otherwise noted individually, the following labels were added to the system in September 2017.
Meta
Meta labels describe the "metadata" related to each piece of documentation.
Actor Needed
The item contains information that merits creating an Actor profile, especially when there is no Actor profile for the person in the database. An example of useful information is a full name with identifying information (Face, event date, etc).
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHSeC2WpdnYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbRucm0J8ec
Added on 2017-09-04
Bad Import
The uploaded documentation has differences with the source or seems to have been imported with errors. For example, an Actor is missing the picture or the date of birth, whereas this information exists in the source.
Confidential
This will be applied to all "confidential" or "classified" Bulletins or Actors, non-public, and containing sensitive information. SJAC supervisors will identify which Bulletins and Actors should be designated as Confidential.
Duplicate
Documentation is a duplicate (exact copy) of another piece of documentation. For example, an Actor has been scrubbed twice into the database by mistake, or the same video is uploaded by a second source to YouTube. The duplicate Actor/Bulletin must be tagged with this label.
WARNING
A duplicate is NOT THE SAME as Same Person (for Actors) or Related Bulletins (for Bulletins).
When a duplicate video is found, the two videos should be checked to establish which video is the original. This can be established using the publish date. If the two videos have the same publish date on YouTube, Amnesty's Youtube DataViewer can be used to find the video that was uploaded first to YouTube.
The original Bulletin should be processed normally and the duplicate Bulletin must be added as a related Bulletin with 'Duplicate' relationship. Duplicate Bulletins shouldn't be processed. Only the 'Meta, Duplicate' label is required to be added with the Bulletin which is added as a "related Bulletin" with the relationship 'Duplicate'.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFJlCaxqnNAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyZmHnfs88s
False or Fake
The credibility and/or authenticity of the documentation is questionable. Similar items can be discussed with other DAs.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJadLKBbZNshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgwO6oni-wY
Flagged
This Label is used to "flag" any Actor or Bulletin to indicate that it needs further attention. For example, the Actor or Bulletin needs further work, the DA is waiting for feedback or answers to questions, or the content is controversial and the DA wishes to discuss it with the team, etc.
Graphic
The documentation contains graphic content. This means it shows traumatic material which has to do with severe wounds or injuries, dead bodies, severe torture or post-mortem offences, etc.
Important
This Label is intentionally defined 'loosely' to give DAs full discretion to identify data which they believe is important for our scope of work.
Irrelevant
This label should be used when the documentation is not relevant to the scope of SJAC's mission, which is documenting violations to: human rights, international criminal and humanitarian laws (war crimes) which took place in Syria.
Examples:
- Reports about humanitarian conditions in a Syrian refugee camp or a given Syrian town;
- Distributing humanitarian aid;
- General strikes where there are no claims of any sort. However, this is different from the cases where there is a claim such as when the strike is claimed to be a response to a certain incident like a massacre or a killing (حداد على روح...، اضراب رداً على مجزرة...). The latter should be treated as non-incident cases.
Border Incidents
This label is used when the item is about an incident that occured on Syrian borders and is related to the neighboring countries' border guards.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJxjBi4W5tw
Added on 2017-08-26
Low Quality
Documentation is of low quality, hindering interpretation. For videos, the video is of bad quality or contains dark frames. For documents, the scan has a poor quality (but this is NOT meant to be used when the document itself is poorly written or is hard to decipher).
Need Assistance
Description to be added later
OSF Project
Description to be added later
Overly Discretionary ROE
Description to be added later
Reliability
Source claims differ from visual/audio
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXN8KSDHSN8
Source claims partially differ from visual/audio
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KH2bWadtEwg
Source claims same as visual/audio
No Evidence
The bulletin's content does not support the commission of a war crime or any violation to human rights. This does not mean it is irrelevant, but on its own, it has no value.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woeOfFZRtPAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GV7s8YsXi1w
Added on 2017-06-24
Some/Weak Evidence
Regardless of the source claim, the content of the bulletin might support the commission of a war crime or human rights violation, but more information is needed.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jjkRnSWLwQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPBTJ2eOjf4
Added on 2017-07-06
Strong Evidence
Regardless of the source claim, the content of the bulletin strongly supports the commission of a war crime or a violation/s of human rights law.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTWBp6PfLhwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDmn-LFGoVAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3cn2Jd99FA
Added on 2017-07-06
Content
These labels are used to "characterize" the content of the documentation.
INFO
Unless otherwise noted, Content labels were added to the system in February 2014.
Media
This label is designed to refer to documentation that comes from media outlets, such as news reports, interviews, articles, etc... not a research institution or an international organization/entity.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obwIe-mKrFA
Report
This label is designed to refer to reports published by governmental or non-governmental organizations, or research institutions such as UN reports, HRW reports, Research institutional reports such as university research reports, etc... It can also be a video report by a non-media organization.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETEQ0gbB_5I
Interview
This label is designed to refer to interviews conducted for documentation purposes with survivors, witnesses, and so on.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxT2_Rjf52E
Document
This could be a government document, correspondence, official order, military document, identity scan, etc.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkkdM5woymg
Allegation
Description to be added later
Arrest Order
Description to be added later
Circular
Description to be added later
Confession (to possible violation)
Description to be added later
Conidential
Description to be added later
Detention Order
Description to be added later
General Order/Instruction
Description to be added later
Humanitarian Aid
Description to be added later
Identifiable Information
Description to be added later
Immediate
Description to be added later
Indirect Confession (to possible violation)
Description to be added later
Informational Publication
Description to be added later
Killing Order
Description to be added later
Personnel Inventory
Description to be added later
Predictive Report
Description to be added later
Search Order
Description to be added later
Secret
Description to be added later
Security Report
Description to be added later
Surveillance Info
Description to be added later
Surveillance Order
Description to be added later
Telegram
Description to be added later
Top Secret
Description to be added later
Weapon Inventory
Description to be added later
OSF-Document
Description to be added later
Other (if other, describe in description)
Description to be added later
Non-Arabic
Documentation is in or contains a language other than Arabic (such as English, Turkish, French, Kurdish, etc.). This does not apply to subtitles or video descriptions. In principle, it's about the content of the documentation itself.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NSvuuCFdTQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wi1l6Ld1X3A
Incident
An incident (hostilities, possible violation or crime) occurs in the documentation. The incident happens in the documentation: "something is happening." Usually, it include battles, fighting, shelling, arrests, torture, attacking a demonstration, etc.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3cn2Jd99FA
Non-Incident
No incident (or occurrence, violation, possible crime) occurred: "nothing is really happening." Examples include gatherings of armed members, meetings, announcements, defections, testimonies, formation of a group or a division, movement of units without hostilities, etc.
Frequent non-incident examples:
- Pillar(s) of smoke with an allegation about an incident;
- An airplane hovering over an area with a claim about an airstrike but nothing can be seen;
- A hole in the ground in an empty area with an allegation but has no remarkable visual evidence of an incident;
- Demonstrations with an allegation about violence or detention but no visual evidence;
- Audible weapons, explosions, etc. with an allegation about hostilities or a possible violation.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZ-l6eMGkPA
Prisoner Release/Exchange
The content shows prisoner(s) release or exchange between two groups. These cases are usually treated as non-incidents unless they show evidence of potential violations.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EbADddszwghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4BrtWqJ2eM
Added on 2018-08-31
Post-Incident
Documentation of something that has already occurred. It indicates that a notable incident has occurred. This usually includes mass graves, destruction of a property, bodies found, videos of "martyrs" or injuries, etc. Evidence of the alleged incident must be present in the content.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GV7s8YsXi1w
Signs of recent incident
It contains visual evidence of a recent violation that took place in the same location and in the immediate aftermath of the incident.
In order to use this label, the Bulletin must show evidence which establishes that the incident took place very shortly before the video was captured. This could be considerable dust which signifies a very recent explosion, or people crowding and gathering as an instant reaction to an incident etc.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d8b8qz7U-Qhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZS37u3pf4ghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVARN31iSDU
Added on 2018-12-12
Promotional
This label is added when the content's main purpose is to promote an armed or political group. If the content shows any potential violation, 'Incident' label and other labels that are related to the potential violation can be added. Otherwise, the item can be tagged with this label only.
For example, a promotional video shows many clips of clashes, but one part of it shows the execution of a captured fighter. In this case, the Bulletin should be processed as an 'Incident' and labels relevant to the execution should be added.
If the promotional video is about a specific incident (e.g. عملية/معركة اقتحام مبنى المخابرات), then it could be processed as an incident while adding this label too.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9tBcw8FGvk
Added on 2018-08-31
Unsubstantiated Confessions
The content contains confessions about a violation by (a) person(s) that was not made freely. This includes all confessions made by military personnel under detention.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJvFHS0PmWkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Q7lij5jp-U
Added on 2018-09-30
Identifiable Information
These Labels should be used when identifying content that helps us identify an Actor or a location appears in relation to an incident.
Examples that apply to these labels include: ID cards, shop names, street signs, vehicle plates, language or dialect, graffiti, etc.
Signs or banners that are usually held by protesters to confirm the time and location of the demonstration can be considered as identifiable if the content is related to an incident.
If an Identifiable Information Label is used, the DA must explain their usage in the Description field along with time tags that point to the identifying information.
INFO
Unless otherwise noted, 'Identifiable' labels were added to the system in February 2014.
Ethnographic Information
Content that shows ethnographic information about persons or places. This could be any information involving ethnicity, religion, nationality, language, etc.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8j9_rBsX4Mhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ctHkmtCJK0g
Identities
Content that helps determine a given identity. It could be the appearance of names, ID numbers, or personal documents etc., of people appearing in the documentation. This could also include special clothing, tattoos, jewelry, etc. that seem to be unique to a particular individual and could help identify him/her.
This label, and its sub-labels, are used only when the person is not already identified by the content. For example, a corpse of an injured party is already identified by his name (Ahmad Al-Ahmad), then a tattoo appears on the body. In this case we shouldn't add the label.
Furthermore, these labels should be only used when it's important to identify the person, and not for all persons who appear in videos and are not directly relevant to any incident.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GppM_ySSd84 [00:56]
Face(s) detectable
One or more faces are clearly shown and could be matched with an ID or photo. This includes, but is not exclusive to, the faces of unidentified injured parties or perpetrators.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qv0GhmCwYSY
Added on 2017-12-15
Name(s) detectable
One or more names appear in the video, for example if a person's ID card is shown or a full name is mentioned (first, second, or nicknames only are not enough to add this label).
Moreover, not every full name merits using this label. The name must be of importance. For example, the name of the officer who commanded a violation is important, while the name of an already dead injured party may not be. In the latter case, the name should only be added to the description without adding the label.
INFO
The label is applied in High priority Bulletins with some exceptions which could be decided case by case.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ay1ajEz1gBI [00:13]
Added on 2017-12-15
Symbols and Text
Identifiable symbols and text are markings or writing that help show a variety of information, including but not limited to location, affiliation, etc. This could include unit numbers, titles, ranks, street names, license plate numbers, graffiti, etc.
General notes:
- When a symbol appears on a fighter's uniform, we use the label Unit Detectable instead.
- Vehicles' plates: can be added only when the vehicle is directly affected by the incident (with incident and post-incident).
- With low priority incidents only when the vehicle is used in committing a violation.
- Always with armored vehicles which have non-text symbols (such as the colored symbols which appear on tanks and are used as a cypher about the brigade etc.). In similar cases only, we use symbols and texts with non-incidents. (See examples below)
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px_nABX2__o [01:22] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EKL9sFxzR4 [00:18] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0VkD8TzYck [01:07] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iy-QTaj_0eg
Uniform
Used when (a) person(s) appear(s) in the video wearing specific clothing that designates them with an official group, agency, or fighting force.
This set of labels is generally used when the person in uniform is directly related to an incident.
In post-incident content, the person may be a participant, affected by or of direct relevance to the incident (for example, the shelling may have taken place because the fighters we see were stationed in that street). The latter case is usually seen in post-incident Bulletins that shows the immediate aftermath of an incident, moments or minutes after the incident took place.
Evidence of the affiliation must be present in the footage in order to add labels that reflect an affiliation (the first four labels).
Government military
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKaJLpkCLPc
Government security/police
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eq9Bwhny4E [01:07]
Third-country military
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kb-vUWlffuc [00:09]
Non-government militia
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCFf4CVfrh4
Kurdish
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luQGlCcZIVM [00:17] and [00:25]
Unit detectable
This label is used when the unit's name or any broader affiliation is visible on any part of the uniform. When used, Identifiable, Symbols and Text should not be added. Instead, this label should be added with all symbols on a uniform.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcxxpjiasS4 [00:05] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIsYbxcNM6I [01:02]
Rank detectable
Such as badges on uniforms which signify ranks, such as general, lieutenant etc. When used, 'Identifiable, Symbols and Text' should not be added.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65uEpwQ4Zzw [00:09]
Unknown
Clearly a uniform, but unclear what the individual's affiliation is.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C02RYwXTJXA [00:49] insignia at [00:52]
Plain clothed fighter
Individuals in a given video are shown fighting but only wearing informal camo or plain clothes.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaocN1naZPI [00:00]
Humanitarian uniform
Official humanitarian presence with individuals wearing specific clothing that identifies them with a group or agency. This label can only be used when the person(s) wearing the uniform is/are directly involved in the incident. It shouldn't be used with post-incident cases where humanitarian personnel are assisting in rescuing victims, recovering bodies, removing rubble, etc.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0DUh5BJ5zg [00:22]
Other
Can be used in instances when the fighters don't appear to be wearing a specific uniform but rather a unique piece of clothing. For example, a headband, a ribbon in a specific color on the arm, etc. This requires a number of fighters (at least two) wearing a unified piece of identification as a group.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDmEnE0T2rM (Yellow headband)
Human
Incapacitated
A person/body appears to have died or is dying. This label shouldn't be used if the person is unconscious, clearly breathing or, more likely than not, is still alive.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgJt9jXyxsc
Signs of Injury
This label shouldn't be used for blood stains, blood splatter or other signs of injury unless it is directly related to a human body.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGcDWuYlcWo
Added on 2018-05-17
Wounds/Bruises
Visible marks of injury, either on a dead body or a living person.
When the application of this label is questionable and wounds cannot be verified, for example due to a low quality video or low visibility, the parent label can be added alone.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GikkURP6WY0
Maimed
Visible missing body parts, either on a dead body or a living person. It could also apply to severed parts such as a leg or an arm that can be found separately.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOuLzRT5f6c
Notes: For surgery cases, the rule is:
- If there's a claim of a violation and:
- The person is/can be identified: Post-Incident;
- Can't be identified: Non-Incident.
- If there's no claim of a violation and:
- The person is/can be identified: Non-Incident;
- Can't be identified: Irrelevant.
Child
Visually clear that the individual is under 18 years of age.
WARNING
It is likely to be difficult to verify those above 15 y/o. So, since it is a verified label, it needs to be more likely than not.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wp1uBbR2HI
Armed
An armed child appears in the footage, but not necessarily participating in hostilities.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZzzyA4ra0A [00:10]
Added on 2018-03-23
Participating in hostilities
Can be used when the footage shows a minor who is actively participating in hostilities in any fashion.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4woMc9ZpjAc
Added on 2017-12-15
Officer/Commander(s)
Clear from orders being given, uniform/rank/insignia, or other visual or audio evidence that an individual in the video is an officer/commander, etc.
The label could be added when:
- The person identifies himself as a "commander", an "officer" or has a high rank by saying something like: "I am lieutenant X", "I am general Y" etc.
- The cameraman addresses the person as one: "This is lieutenant X", "General Y would like to say a word" etc.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8dFwxywAhc [4:03] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CXeL3hhrhg [1:08] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZBC36tcmCU
WARNING
The label should not be added based on a claim in the title.
Grave
Burial ceremony
A traditional/ proper funeral/burial.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9ITAPK1YN0
Uncovering a grave with multiple bodies
Video shows a grave in which two or more bodies were improperly buried or hidden.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjDK1bYRw5w
Uncovering a grave with one body
Video shows a grave in which one body was improperly buried or hidden.
Please see the example above on Uncovering a grave with multiple bodies The same rule applies, but with one dead body only.
Weapon
Manufacturing
Video shows a weapons manufacturing facility.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8JiCsmsaLo
Transporting
Videos show weapons being transported (in an official manner of transportation). In other words, we don't add it whenever we see a weapon being moved by a vehicle.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13dyaWltOxshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X15QLic5Yd8
Loading
Weapons are being loaded. This label shouldn't be applied when 'Firing' is applicable.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kp_lxBTzLx8
Firing
Weapons are actively being fired.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLNyzdlmBCE
WARNING
This label shouldn't be added when the weapon is used as a mere act of celebration.
Identification Marking
Any marking on a weapon (or a remnant of a weapon).
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcQSg8kF9Ww [00:24] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1PUwdclYBw [00:28]
Added on 2018-02-01
Weapon type detectable
Weapon type is clearly visible or it is possible to be identified. The label can be used even if the weapon cannot be identified by the analyst.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFoTJRkrXgk
Remnants of weapons
Parts or remnants of weapons are visible.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkHP0tvYPLQ
Added on 2017-10-26
Aircraft
Origin detectable
The model of the aircraft is clear in the footage, even if it cannot be identified by the analyst.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10Dle5Rh9wE
Added on 2017-12-15
Vehicle
Armored military vehicle
This label should be added whenever an armored military vehicle is detectable, even when the video is not clear or the vehicle is distant.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poZ1dL7ZJVM
Unarmored military vehicle
This label should be added whenever an unarmored military vehicle is detectable (even when the video is not clear or the vehicle is distant).
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSu2pXu_IVk [00:46]
Armored civilian vehicle
This label should be added only when the vehicle is related to a hostility or a violation.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCfJnBNNN3I [04:22]
Unarmored civilian vehicle
This label should be added only when the vehicle is related to a hostility or a violation.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ6OyqqfSmo [00:40]
Humanitarian
This label can only be added when the vehicle is/was directly involved in the incident. It shouldn't be used when the vehicle is being used in rescuing victims, recovering bodies, removing rubble, etc.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mojG_wRndvc
Added on 2018-01-10
Property/Buildings
In incidents, the structure is being damaged/ destroyed. In post-incidents, damage/ destruction is clearly identified.
When the building is not involved in the incident but can be used to identify/verify a location, the Identifiable structure label should be used instead.
WARNING
The property/buildings labels can be used only when the building is/was directly involved in the incident, except for the label Identifiable structure.
Civilian structure
Common cases to add this label:
- The footage is inside a damaged/ destroyed structure where pieces of furniture indicate that the building is civilian.
- The footage is from a distance: the architectural pattern and the shape of the buildings and the surroundings indicate that the building is civilian.
- Totally destroyed building with no traces of structure but furniture pieces could be recognized to indicate that the destroyed structure is civilian.
WARNING
This label shouldn't be added for structures that are totally destroyed and, hence, cannot be identified whether it is civilian or not.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Gm4WhEiG8c
Camp
Informal or formal refugee or IDP camp.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Qx5Fnuxp-A
Added on 2018-08-03
Religious/Cultural
Religious building or structure (mosque, church), cultural venues, and structures of cultural or historic importance.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYx_He3dhqs
Educational
Clear from the video that the building is or was used as a nursery, primary/secondary/ high school, higher institute, university or for any other educational purposes.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0idzDQ3kRS4
Agricultural
Agricultural structures (barns, grain silos, water towers, etc).
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09rdnlBDkIA
This label should not be added with non-structures like:
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGWeSWUO97ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=az_fUKbMgUk
Added on 2017-12-24
Medical
This label is added with hospitals, clinics, etc. The building/ property needs to be identified as medical whether by the written sign or visible equipment. This label can also be added for care centers such as elderly houses.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqNTHnVgWjE
WARNING
Some allegations about civilian medical centers show normal civilian buildings. In this case, the label should not be added.
Added on 2018-01-19
Military structure
The structure can be clearly identified as military. Strongholds or bricks stationed in a random building are not enough indication to add this label. The building has to be in an official military site.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kdtfih2lW7M
Unknown structure used for military purposes
A building, whose type can't be established, but it can be seen as a military site or used for military purposes. This can be identified by strongholds or weapons situated in the building, etc.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfnG7D1YWqA [0:41]
Public Infrastructure
Bridges, roads, electricity facilities, parks. To add the label, the structure should be the main target of the attack.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gw16ykib8l4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWq1wwRIu7Q
Humanitarian/IDP
Any formal or informal building that is clearly used as a shelter or a residence for IDP (internally displaced people and/or refugees).
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiHHFFfbcwk
WARNING
It is common that schools were used as IDP camps in Syria so this label can be used when it is clear that the school is used as a shelter or a camp.
Checkpoint
Any formal or informal checkpoint.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Rp006aY6bQ
Identifiable structure
The property/building appears clearly in the footage, and is unique enough that it can help in identifying or verifying the location of the incident such as: minarets, domes, water towers, residential towers, grain silos, statues, etc.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wka-lpQmTZk [00:12] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxKBfvFs3r8 [00:04]
Destroyed
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxzLLAmdYvM
Damaged
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Y2TskNgQlU
TIP
Incident: To use these two labels with incidents, the damage/destruction should be seen taking place in the same footage.
TIP
Post-incident: A practical rule to determine which label is more appropriate to use is: If the structure is repairable/salvageable, Damaged should be added. However, if it requires a complete reconstruction (unsalvageable), then Destroyed is the applicable label.
Looting
Actual looting taking place. This label should not be added if merely an allegation.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANZkD3XQhDA
Demonstration
Funeral
Purpose of the demonstration is a funeral.
In general, if the face/s of the corpse/s are recognized, then the Bulletin is considered Post-incident. If not, then it is a Non-Incident.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDsqMNFmB1E
Violence
The video shows violence being committed on a person/group of people taking part in a demonstration. A common example, when "Government" or "Other security forces" are clearly arresting or attempting to arrest people demonstrating.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJOJXPXOVkA [00:00] to [00:49]
Hostilities
TIP
This parent label can be used on its own in incidents when the type of hostility cannot be determined.
Airstrike with aircraft visible
It is apparent from the video that the missile or bomb originated from an aircraft that appears in the footage.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m20jxpTkc9A
Airstrike with no visible aircraft
It is apparent from the video that the missile or bomb originated from an aircraft, but the aircraft itself doesn't appear in the footage.
For example, the type of weapon can be recognized as something that would be dropped from an aircraft (barrels, parachute explosives, etc.), or the explosive object is seen falling vertically/perpendicularly.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tO3xn4JZjwI
Ground to air shooting
Fighters on the ground are shooting in an upward direction (attempting to shoot an aircraft).
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUVCzA-QO5U
Explosion
Actual explosions can be seen in the footage. This label should not be added when only rising smoke can be seen. It also shouldn't be added if any of the two airstrike labels are added.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCkwcOwJJgEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o69bfNR_H04
Added on 2018-01-29
In urban area
From the video it is apparent that the hostility is happening inside of a city or a town.
TIP
The area can be considered urban if a non-military facility can be identified, such as a hospital, school, or a mosque.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7X211q7SmgQ
Near urban area
A form of hostility is taking place on the outskirts of a city or town.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KS-3DNkBbi8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UNpCRcVXkk
Unknown area
Hostilities take place in an area whose buildings/structures cannot be accurately identified as civilian.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4Y5uMOBfJEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nr-dKLcXjMI
Added on 2018-01-29
Civilians on periphery
In the video where civilians, who are not affiliated with any army or fighting group, can be seen watching/hiding/running away within proximity of the hostilities.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFLItUQzknIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIqbfy1vfWI
Civilians as human shields
Civilians who appear to be deliberately used by the fighters as human shields.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-zE7gSB4BA
Indiscriminate
Fighters are firing weapons indiscriminately i.e not on specified target/s. For example, an aircraft drops many explosive objects on a wide landscape of an urban area at once.
Examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UNpCRcVXkkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTXGrBvjJAE
Wounding/Killing
Killing/wounding can be seen clearly in the footage.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOpSyqqjmYo
Added on 2017-12-15
Non-Battle Incident
These labels are used with incidents when the setting is not part of a hostility/battle or in a context that cannot be identified as an armed action such as: detention cases, destroying property, violent acts of fighters, civilians or dead bodies away from a battle.
TIP
This parent label can be used on its own in incidents when the type cannot be determined.
Beating
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmyXUDx5uos
Beheading
Destruction to Property
Personal items, not buildings because with buildings we can use property/building labels.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5loclw1pSE
Added on 2018-07-31
Questioning
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Bme39Ukp-M
Added on 2017-10-26
Threats
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NrSP1u3-DBg [13:40]
Added on 2018-11-01
Other Violence
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onbkcsRv2CUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOBQ-12Lxhg
Sounds
These labels are generally used with Incidents and Non-Incidents. However, in Post-Incidents, they should be only used when the audio is clearly relevant to the alleged incident in which we see its aftermath. In other words, they are used only when the incident is recent and the sound seems to be directly related to the incident. In Non-Incident Bulletins, these labels can be added whenever they are related to an unseen alleged incident.
Audible aircraft(s)
Different from the other 'audible' labels, this label should be added whenever an aircraft sound can be heard regardless of whether the sound is relevant to the incident/ post-incident/ non-incident.
This label should be added whenever an aircraft sound can be heard regardless of the applied Content label (Incident, Post-Incident or Non-Incident).
Not to be confused with the sound of missiles/barrels/bombs when dropped from an aircraft.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lY5BrxUDA-E
Added on 2017-11-13
Audible weapon(s)
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iaq7_29Udis
Audible explosion(s)
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lY5BrxUDA-E
Audible chant(s)
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGT8x0YSzHc
Audible scream(s)
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tk-idH7KLpc
Radio Contact
The label is applicable if the contact is clearly heard (but not necessarily understood).
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iaq7_29Udis
Added on 2017-10-26
Video
Aerial view
The video is filmed from a drone or from a satellite view.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brmrDBDqe_0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdfH0A1UL1c
Night
The footage is filmed at night, not to be confused with indoors/lights off.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaoFTs3C520
Timestamp visible
Regardless of its accuracy.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uy0IwkGH25o
Clear weather
Used mostly with outdoor videos when the weather appears to not be rainy or snowy. In the latter cases, the following label can be added instead.
Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAVF0EKgU8w